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TRADE WARS
US, China swap tariffs on billions in goods as sides hold talks
By Ryan MCMORROW
Beijing (AFP) Aug 23, 2018

US-China trade war hits $100 billion in goods
Washington (AFP) Aug 23, 2018 - From Harley-Davidson motorcycles and American bourbon to Chinese parts and machinery, the world's two largest economies have exchanged punitive tariffs that slice through a wide swath of products.

As of Thursday, the United States is charging 25-percent import duties on an additional $16 billion in Chinese products, bringing the total to over 1,000 items valued at about $50 billion in trade a year.

China has responded dollar-for-dollar on hundreds of US products, putting the total value of affected goods at $100 billion, one-seventh of total annual US-China trade.

- Top Chinese imports targeted -

The Trump administration says its aggressive stance is to pressure Beijing to change policies that allow the theft of US technology and undercut American producers.

The tariffs are aimed at Chinese goods -- such as aircraft parts and computer hard drives -- that Washington says have benefited from unfair trade practices.

China has accused the United States of starting the "largest trade war in economic history".

Computers, electronics and machinery are among the hardest-hit, including $1.1 billion in imports of computer processors, and the same amount of electrical machines.

The next biggest victims are $700 million in integrated circuits, $500 million in solar cells, and $400 million in computer memory.

- Motorcycles, milking machines -

Also on the US hit list are milking machines for dairy cows, incubators for baby chicks, flight data recorders, x-ray tubes, bulldozers and arc lamps as well as motorcycles and mopeds.

- Ghost products -

While the top five targeted Chinese products total about $9 billion, there are dozens of products that have seen no imports -- or in very small amounts -- over the past two years.

Spacecraft, helicopters, microwave tubes, nuclear reactor parts, telescopes, locomotives and retread tires are among the goods subject to tariffs but unlikely to be hit by them in practice.

- US feels the pain -

Ironically, the goods the United States has targeted are mostly intermediate products manufactured in China by multinational companies imported by US-based manufacturers, and miss Chinese firms, according to analysts.

The Peterson Institute for International Economics says nearly all of the US tariffs imposed on China to date are on intermediate goods and capital equipment needed by US industry.

- China hits back -

China so far has retaliated in kind, hitting American agricultural goods and autos in July, along with new taxes on more than 300 US products Thursday.

Beijing's latest volley is aimed at 333 US exports like hybrid electric and off-road vehicles, coal, dump trucks, asphalt, MRI machines and motorcycles, among other items.

Harley-Davidson will have to bump up the Chinese price of its iconic motorbikes at least 20 percent, a store representative in Beijing said.

That adds to the American beef, pork, many types of fish, and dozens of fruits and nuts that were taxed in July.

The most painful perhaps is the tariff on US soybeans, which chokes off a key export market for American farmers, who shipped $14 billion of the beans to China last year.

- More coming -

The $50 billion in goods now subject to tariffs is only the first round.

The office of the US Trade Representative is looking into 25-percent duties on another $200 billion in goods, with hearings underway this week. Those could take effect as soon as next month.

And as China has vowed to retaliate further, Trump has threatened to target all $500 billion in goods the US imports from the Asian giant.

The United States slapped steep tariffs on another $16 billion in Chinese goods on Thursday, triggering a swift tit-for-tat retaliation from Beijing, even as negotiators from both sides seek to soothe trade tensions.

The latest action completes the first round of $50 billion in Chinese products that President Donald Trump targeted with Beijing striking back at American products dollar-for-dollar at each step.

China "firmly opposes the tariffs and has no choice but to continue to make the necessary counter-attacks", the commerce ministry said in a statement.

Beijing hit back with tariffs on an equal amount of US goods, targeting iconic products such as Harley-Davidson motorcycles, dump trucks and asphalt, among hundreds of others.

China's commerce ministry said the US tariffs were "clearly suspected" of violating World Trade Organization and noted it would file a lawsuit against them under the WTO's dispute resolution mechanism.

The escalation came as the world's two largest economies hold their first formal discussions since June on the spiralling trade war.

Trump has pushed aggressive trade actions to lower the US trade deficit, which he equates with theft from Americans. But US trading partners have retaliated aggressively, which is hurting American farmers, manufacturers and consumers.

US businesses have become increasingly concerned about the tariffs, which are raising prices for manufacturers and could hurt the economy, although the prospect of a negotiated solution buoyed world markets this week.

However, Federal Reserve officials have warned that "an escalation in international trade disputes was a potentially consequential downside risk for real activity", according to the minutes of its July 31-August 1 policy meeting.

A large-scale and prolonged dispute likely would adversely impact business sentiment, investment spending and employment, the officials warned, and boost prices, which would "reduce the purchasing power of US households".

- Next round -

Still pending is the possibility of new duties on another $200 billion in Chinese goods, which are the subject of public hearings this week, as well as Trump's proposed 25 percent taxes on all auto imports to protect the US car industry.

China has responded by threatening to impose new tariffs on $60 billion worth of US goods, while Beijing could also target the local operations of US corporations with inspections and boycotts as it has done in past disputes with South Korea and Japan.

China's state media has taken aim at Apple in recent weeks, accusing the US titan of allowing illegal apps to proliferate on its platform.

US Commerce Secretary Wilbur Ross said China will not be able to continue to retaliate at the same pace as the United States.

"Naturally they'll retaliate a little bit. But at the end of the day, we have many more bullets than they do. They know it," Ross said on CNBC. "We have a much stronger economy than they have, they know that too."

Trump has threatened to target all $500 billion in goods the US imports from China, noting that Beijing cannot continue to retaliate in kind since it imports less than $200 billion a year in American goods.

- Talks continue -

US Treasury's David Malpass, undersecretary for international affairs, is leading two days of talks with China's Vice Commerce Minister Wang Shouwen and Vice Finance Minister Liao Min that began Wednesday.

The talks were to continue Thursday, but the Treasury has not specified what topics are being discussed.

In Beijing, China's foreign ministry declined to provide details on the progress of the negotiations.

"We hope the US can make concerted efforts with China and follow a rational and practical attitude to earnestly seek good results in the talks," foreign ministry spokesman Lu Kang told a regular news briefing.

Trump said earlier this week that he was not expecting much from the dialogue.

"We are a country that has been ripped off by anybody and we are not going to be ripped off anymore," he said at a campaign rally in West Virginia on Tuesday.

Thousands of large and small companies and industry groups have urged the Trump administration to reconsider the tariffs, which some say could put them out of business.

The administration has already been forced to announce a $12 billion aid programme for farmers hurt by the trade row, as US agricultural products, like soybeans, were an easy target for China and others.


Related Links
Global Trade News


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TRADE WARS
BHP Billiton: Trade tensions are 'exceedingly unhelpful'
Washington (UPI) Aug 21, 2018
An economic forecast from Australian mining giant BHP Billiton forecasts a relative slowdown in the global economy triggered in part by trade tensions. Global markets have been upended by U.S. trade measures targeting China, Europe and North American economies. Implemented to boost domestic economic sectors, tariffs also increase the price of goods and could present headwinds for global economic growth. In its economic and commodity outlook report for the year, the Australian mining and ... read more

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