This next phase will investigate the response of Earth's middle and upper atmosphere � also known as the Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere/Ionosphere, or MLTI - to solar and geomagnetic phenomena not previously observed during the last 11 year solar cycle.

TIMED scientists will begin to obtain long-term measurements of the Sun's activities and effects on the MLTI. The aim is to improve understanding of the region's variability and its effects on communications, satellite tracking, spacecraft lifetimes, degradation of spacecraft materials and the reentry of piloted vehicles.

TIMED also will join the Heliophysics Great Observatory - a collection of NASA's Sun-Earth-focused missions.

"TIMED is a key mission within the Great Observatory focusing on the combined Sun-Earth effects on our planet's middle and upper atmosphere," said Sam Yee, TIMED project scientist at Johns Hopkins University's Applied Physics Laboratory, which built the spacecraft and supervises its scientific investigations.

"During the next phase of our mission, we'll embark on new investigations to better understand the mechanisms leading to the escape of our upper atmosphere" Yee said. "Investigating the processes behind the loss of oxygen and hydrogen will help us understand the evolution of other planetary atmospheres including Venus and Mars."

TIMED's continued study of solar effects on Earth's atmosphere also is intended to prepare scientists for future NASA HGO missions, such as those within its Living With a Star program, which focuses on better understanding the Sun's effects.

NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center will manage the extended mission.

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